Two different legal routes across a border
An extradition treaty sets out when and how one country may formally surrender a person to another for prosecution or to serve a sentence. Without one, that route may be unavailable or harder to use—but it does not necessarily prevent the person from being sent home by a separate legal process.
Deportation is an immigration action, not a criminal surrender. A government may seek to remove someone because they lack permission to stay or have violated immigration rules. If the person is sent to their home country, that country may then pursue its own legal process. The route matters: extradition and deportation rely on different legal grounds and procedures.
Removal still has limits
A government cannot simply label a transfer “deportation” and assume every obstacle disappears. Its own immigration law and any applicable protections still matter. For example, removal may be restricted if the person faces a serious risk of persecution or torture in the destination country. Courts or other authorities may also review whether the removal is lawful.
So the absence of an extradition treaty can change the options available without guaranteeing a safe haven. The practical question is not only whether the two countries have a treaty, but also whether the person can lawfully be removed—and what may happen after arrival.
