A closer look

Dictators love a good branding opportunity. Before Julius Caesar decided to flex his megalomania in 44 BC, Roman coins traditionally featured dead ancestors, gods, or monuments. Caesar broke the ultimate taboo of the Republic by minting coins showing his own living profile to remind every merchant, soldier, and citizen exactly who was in charge. The Senate was so horrified by this blatant monarchical behavior that they naturally stabbed him to death shortly after.