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Why Brownian motion can’t power a perpetual-motion machine

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Perpetual motion enthusiasts hate this one simple physics reality. Richard Feynman proved that you can't build a microscopic ratchet-and-pawl system to harvest infinite free energy from the random thermal jitters of Brownian motion. Why? Because the pawl would be bombarded by the exact same thermal fluctuations and inevitably bounce out of gear, achieving absolutely zero net work.

Why Brownian motion can’t power a perpetual-motion machine
STACKY / Science
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