A closer look

James Bond was originally a 16th-century wizard. John Dee was Queen Elizabeth I's personal astrologer, mathematician, and occultist, but he also served as her secret intelligence agent. When writing confidential missives back to the Queen, he marked his letters with two circles representing his eyes, and a magical lucky number seven—creating the '007' moniker centuries before Ian Fleming ever touched a typewriter. Sadly, Dee's gadgets were mostly just cursed mirrors and crystal balls.