European alchemists accidentally invented porcelain while desperately trying to manufacture fake gold
Alchemy gave us a lot of nonsense, but occasionally they screwed up and made something useful. In the early 18th century, alchemist Johann Friedrich Böttger was imprisoned by the King of Poland and ordered to turn base metals into gold. Obviously, he couldn't, but while desperately mixing clays, he accidentally figured out the secret to hard-paste porcelain. Turns out fancy teacups were the real magic all along.

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