A closer look

Horse-drawn carriages navigating the congested streets of midtown Manhattan in the late nineteenth century actually moved at a faster average speed than modern combustion-engine vehicles do today. Despite centuries of technological advancements, billion-dollar infrastructure projects, and the invention of high-powered sports cars, the average speed of traffic in New York City currently hovers around a blistering 4.7 miles per hour. You could strap yourself into a machine capable of breaking the sound barrier, but you will still be effortlessly outpaced by a casual jogger or an aggressive pigeon. It is the ultimate irony of modern transportation: we paved over nature and spent endless fortunes to conquer the tyranny of distance, only to create a permanent gridlock where a three-hundred-horsepower engine is utterly defeated by a double-parked delivery truck and a perpetually broken traffic light